Sea urchin embryo as a model organism for the rapid functional screening of tubulin modulators

Abstract

Identification of antimitotic molecules that affect tubulin dynamics is a multistep procedure. It includes in vitro tubulin polymerization assay, studies of a cell cycle effect, and general cytotoxicity assessment. To simplify this lengthy screening protocol, we have introduced and validated an assay system based on the sea urchin embryos. The proposed two-step procedure involves the fertilized egg test for mitotic arrest and the behavioral assessment of a free-swimming blastula. In order to validate the assay, we have analyzed the effect of a panel of known antiproliferative agents on the sea urchin embryo. For all tubulin destabilizing drugs, we observed rapid spinning and lack of forward movement of an embryo. Both effects are likely to result from the in vivo microtubule disassembly caused by test molecules. Notably, the described assay yields rapid information on antiproliferative, antimitotic, cytotoxic, and tubulin destabilizing activities of the molecules along with their solubility and permeability potential. Moreover, measured potencies of the test articles correlated well with the reported values in both in vitro and cell based assays.