Inkjet-Printed and Electroplated 3D Electrodes for Recording Extracellular Signals in Cell Culture
Leroy Grob,
Philipp Rinklin,
Sabine Zips,
Dirk Mayer,
Sabrina Weidlich,
Korkut Terkan,
Lennart J. K. Weiß,
Nouran Adly,
Andreas Offenhäusser,
Bernhard Wolfrum
Affiliations
Leroy Grob
Neuroelectronics, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, MSB, MSRM, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
Philipp Rinklin
Neuroelectronics, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, MSB, MSRM, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
Sabine Zips
Neuroelectronics, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, MSB, MSRM, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
Dirk Mayer
Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
Sabrina Weidlich
Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
Korkut Terkan
Neuroelectronics, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, MSB, MSRM, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
Lennart J. K. Weiß
Neuroelectronics, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, MSB, MSRM, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
Nouran Adly
Neuroelectronics, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, MSB, MSRM, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
Andreas Offenhäusser
Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
Bernhard Wolfrum
Neuroelectronics, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, MSB, MSRM, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
Recent investigations into cardiac or nervous tissues call for systems that are able to electrically record in 3D as opposed to 2D. Typically, challenging microfabrication steps are required to produce 3D microelectrode arrays capable of recording at the desired position within the tissue of interest. As an alternative, additive manufacturing is becoming a versatile platform for rapidly prototyping novel sensors with flexible geometric design. In this work, 3D MEAs for cell-culture applications were fabricated using a piezoelectric inkjet printer. The aspect ratio and height of the printed 3D electrodes were user-defined by adjusting the number of deposited droplets of silver nanoparticle ink along with a continuous printing method and an appropriate drop-to-drop delay. The Ag 3D MEAs were later electroplated with Au and Pt in order to reduce leakage of potentially cytotoxic silver ions into the cellular medium. The functionality of the array was confirmed using impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and recordings of extracellular potentials from cardiomyocyte-like HL-1 cells.
