Gauss–Bonnet Theorem Related to the Semi-Symmetric Metric Connection in the Heisenberg Group

Abstract

In this paper, we introduce the notion of the semi-symmetric metric connection in the Heisenberg group. Moreover, by using the method of Riemannian approximations, we define the notions of intrinsic curvature for regular curves, the intrinsic geodesic curvature of regular curves on a surface, and the intrinsic Gaussian curvature of the surface away from characteristic points in the Heisenberg group with the semi-symmetric metric connection. Finally, we derive the expressions of those curvatures and prove the Gauss–Bonnet theorem related to the semi-symmetric metric connection in the Heisenberg group.

Keywords

• Heisenberg group
• Gauss–Bonnet theorem
• semi-symmetric metric connection
• sub-Riemannian geometry