Relationship between radiation dose and cerebral microbleed formation in dogs with intracranial tumors

Abstract

Abstract Background Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are a possible sequela in human brain tumor patients treated with radiation therapy (RT). No such association is reported in dogs. Objectives To investigate whether CMBs occur in dogs after radiotherapy, and if there is an association between number and dose, and an increase over time. Animals Thirty‐four client‐owned dogs irradiated for primary intracranial neoplasia. ≥2 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans including susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI) were required. Methods Retrospective, observational, single‐center study. Cerebral microbleeds identified on 3 T SWI were counted within the entire brain, and within low‐ (30 Gy) dose regions. A generalized linear mixed‐effects model was used to analyze the relationship between the CMBs count and the predictor variables (irradiation dose, time after treatment). Results Median follow‐up time was 12.6 months (range, 1.8‐37.6 months). Eighty‐three MR scans were performed. In 4/15 dogs (27%, 95% CI, 10%‐52%) CMBs were present at baseline. ≥1 CMBs after RT were identified in 21/34 dogs (62%, 95% CI, 45%‐77%). With each month, the number of CMBs increased by 14% (95% CI, 11%‐16%; P < .001). The odds of developing CMBs in the high‐dose region are 4.7 times (95% CI, 3.9‐5.6; P < .001) greater compared with the low‐dose region. Conclusion and Clinical Importance RT is 1 possible cause of CMBs formation in dogs. Cerebral microbleeds are most likely to occur in the peritumoral high‐dose volume, to be chronic, and to increase in number over time. Their clinical relevance remains unknown.

Keywords

• brain tumor
• cerebrovascular
• late radiation toxicity
• radiation therapy
• radiation‐induced