Zhongguo youzhi (Apr 2025)
不同产地栀子油的脂肪酸组成、功能成分分析 及活性研究Analysis of fatty acids composition,functional components of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis seed oil from different origins and comparison of their activities
Abstract
旨在为栀子的进一步开发和利用提供参考数据，使用正己烷索氏提取法和乙醇提取法提取产自湖南宁乡、江西九江、江西抚州、福建福鼎、江西金溪和江西樟树的6种栀子籽中的油脂，并对其理化性质、脂肪酸组成、功能成分（西红花苷Ⅰ、磷脂、 β-谷甾醇）含量及活性（DPPH自由基清除能力、紫外吸收能力）进行比较。结果表明：正己烷索氏提取法的栀子油得率高于乙醇提取法的；以正己烷索氏提取法提取栀子油，福建福鼎的栀子油得率最高，为（15.41±0.21）%，且其碘值和皂化值(KOH)最高，分别为(89.87±5.25) g/100 g和(164.96±8.24) mg/g，江西樟树的栀子油酸值（KOH）最低，为（2.35±0.09）mg/g，而江西抚州的栀子油过氧化值最低，为（0.14±0.01）g/100 g；正己烷索氏提取法提取的栀子油中，江西金溪的西红花苷Ⅰ含量最高（0.46 mg/g），江西九江的β-谷甾醇含量最高（0.99 mg/g），江西樟树的磷脂含量最高（11.75 mg/g）；正己烷索氏提取法和乙醇法提取的栀子油中，主要含有油酸和亚油酸2种不饱和脂肪酸，总含量在80%~85%之间；正己烷索氏法提取的江西金溪栀子油的DPPH自由基清除能力最强，而乙醇法提取的福建福鼎栀子油的紫外吸收能力最高。综上，不同产地栀子油的理化性质、功能成分含量及活性差别较大。In order to provide reference data for the further development and utilization of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, different solvents (n-hexane and alcohol) were used to extract six kinds of oil from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis seeds collected from Ningxiang of Hunan Province, Jiujiang of Jiangxi Province, Fuzhou of Jiangxi Province, Fuding of Fujian Province, Jinxi of Jiangxi Province and Zhangshu of Jiangxi Province, respectively. The physicochemical properties, fatty acid composition, functional components (crocin-I, phospholipid,β-sitosterol), and activities (DPPH free radical scavenging capacity, UV absorption capacity) of the oils extracted were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the yield of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis seed oil extraced by n-hexane Soxhlet method was higher than that by alcohol extraction method. For extraction of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis by n-hexane Soxhlet method, the highest oil yield of (15.41±0.21)% was from Fuding, with the highest iodine value and saponification value at (89.87±5.25) g/100 g and (164.96±8.24) mgKOH/g, respectively. For the Gardenia jasminoides Ellis seed oil extracted with n-hexane Soxhlet method, the oil from Zhangshu had the lowest acid value of (2.35±0.09) mgKOH/g, the oil from Fuzhou had the lowest peroxide value of (0.14±0.01) g/100 g, the oil from Jinxi had the highest crocin-I content of 0.46 mg/g, the oil from Jiujiang had the highest β-sitosterol content of 0.99 mg/g, and the oil from Zhangshu had the highest phospholipid content of 11.75 mg/g. The Gardenia jasminoides Ellis seed oils extracted by both the n-hexane Soxhlet method and the alcohol method mainly contained two unsaturated fatty acids of oleic acid and linoleic acid with total contents ranging from 80% to 85%. Additionally, the Gardenia jasminoides Ellis seed oil extracted by n-hexane from Jinxi had the strongest DPPH free radical scavenging capacity, and Gardenia jasminoides Ellis seed oil extracted by ethanol from Fuding had highest UV absorption capacity. In conclusion, the physicochemical properties, functional components and activity of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis seed oil from different origins are various.
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