Cyclical endometrial repair and regeneration: Molecular mechanisms, diseases, and therapeutic interventions
Xulin Hu,
Haoming Wu,
Xin Yong,
Yao Wang,
Shuhao Yang,
Diyi Fan,
Yibo Xiao,
Lanyu Che,
Kun Shi,
Kainan Li,
Chengdong Xiong,
Huili Zhu,
Zhiyong Qian
Affiliations
Xulin Hu
Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University Chengdu University Chengdu Sichuan China
Haoming Wu
Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University Chengdu University Chengdu Sichuan China
Xin Yong
Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
Yao Wang
Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University Chengdu University Chengdu Sichuan China
Shuhao Yang
Department of Orthopedics The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China
Diyi Fan
Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University Chengdu University Chengdu Sichuan China
Yibo Xiao
Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University Chengdu University Chengdu Sichuan China
Lanyu Che
Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University Chengdu University Chengdu Sichuan China
Kun Shi
Department of Biotherapy Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
Kainan Li
Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University Chengdu University Chengdu Sichuan China
Chengdong Xiong
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Bei Jing China
Huili Zhu
Department of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
Zhiyong Qian
Department of Biotherapy Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
Abstract The endometrium is a unique human tissue with an extraordinary ability to undergo a hormone‐regulated cycle encompassing shedding, bleeding, scarless repair, and regeneration throughout the female reproductive cycle. The cyclical repair and regeneration of the endometrium manifest as changes in endometrial epithelialization, glandular regeneration, and vascularization. The mechanisms encompass inflammation, coagulation, and fibrinolytic system balance. However, specific conditions such as endometriosis or TCRA treatment can disrupt the process of cyclical endometrial repair and regeneration. There is uncertainty about traditional clinical treatments' efficacy and side effects, and finding new therapeutic interventions is essential. Researchers have made substantial progress in the perspective of regenerative medicine toward maintaining cyclical endometrial repair and regeneration in recent years. Such progress encompasses the integration of biomaterials, tissue‐engineered scaffolds, stem cell therapies, and 3D printing. This review analyzes the mechanisms, diseases, and interventions associated with cyclical endometrial repair and regeneration. The review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the regenerative interventions currently employed in clinical practice. Additionally, it highlights the significant advantages of regenerative medicine in this domain. Finally, we review stem cells and biologics among the available interventions in regenerative medicine, providing insights into future therapeutic strategies.
