Joint effusion, anteroposterior stability, muscle strength and degree of patellofemoral osteoarthritis significantly impact outcome following revision ACL reconstruction

Abstract

Abstract Purpose: Effusion, impaired muscle function and knee instability are considered as some of the most important factors effecting outcome following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL‐R) but the impact on revision ACL‐R remains unclear. It was hypothesized that these factors will significantly worsen clinical outcome following revision ACL‐R. Methods Seventy knees (13 female and 57 male) were followed retrospectively after revision ACL‐R at a mean follow‐up of 47.8 ± 20.7 months. Clinical examination was based on the International Knee Documentation Evaluation Form‐2000 (IKDC), Tegner activity scale. Instrumented measurement of anterior tibial translation was performed using the Rolimeter® (DJO Global, Freiburg, Germany). Bilateral circumference of the thigh was measured 10 and 20 cm proximal to the medial joint space. Cartilage was assessed according to Outerbridge classification during both primary and revision ACL‐R. Results Tegner activity scale decreased significantly from 7.8 ± 1.4 points at primary ACL‐R to 7 ± 1.8 points at revision ACL‐R, and 5.8 ± 1.7 points at the time of follow up (p grad 2 was responsible for IKDC grade C and D (p = 0.035). Instrumented anteroposterior site‐to‐site difference of ≥3 mm showed significant impact on clinical outcome (p < 0.019). Conclusion The study has shown that chronic effusion, quadriceps dysfunction, cartilage lesions especially at the patellofemoral compartment and side to side difference in anteroposterior stability significantly influences patient outcome after revision ACL‐R. These factors require special attention when predicting patient’s outcome. Level of evidence Level‐IV, case‐controlled study.

Keywords

• Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
• Revision
• IKDC
• Tegner activity scale
• Effusion
• Quadriceps