Associations of dipping and non-dipping hypertension with cardiovascular diseases in patients with dyslipidemia

Abstract

Introduction Dyslipidemia combined with hypertension increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The current study aimed to investigate the association of dipping and non-dipping hypertension with CVD in patients with dyslipidemia. Material and methods A total of 243 documented dyslipidemia patients with hypertension were enrolled. Clinical characteristics and clinic and 24-hour blood pressure (BP) parameters were compared between dipping and non-dipping groups based on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association of dipping and non-dipping hypertension with CVD. Results Compared to the dipping group, patients in the non-dipping group were older, more likely to be male and smokers, had higher serum creatinine levels, and were more likely to have chronic kidney disease and CVD (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). No significant between-group differences in clinic systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP) were observed. However, compared to the dipping group, 24-hour SBP, nighttime SBP and DBP, and night-day ratio of SBP and DBP were all significantly higher in the non-dipping group (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). In the dipping group, only night-day ratio of SBP was significantly associated with CVD, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.09 (95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.02–1.34). In the non-dipping group, both night-day ratio of SBP and DBP were significantly associated with CVD, with an OR of 1.72 (95% CI: 1.33–2.06) and 1.23 (95% CI: 1.05–1.66), respectively. Conclusions In patients with dyslipidemia, non-dipping hypertension is more closely related to CVD compared to dipping hypertension.

Keywords

• cardiovascular diseases
• hypertension
• dyslipidemia