Nose-to Brain Direct Delivery of Nanodrug Formulations in Treatment of Neurological Disorders: A Review Study

Abstract

Global prevalence of neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis is steadily increasing, but, there is still no effective delivery system to deliver therapeutic amounts of drug into the central nervous system (CNS). The blood-brain barrier ​​is the major component to control the entrance of drugs into the brain. Recent studies introduced intranasal drug delivery as a suitable method of drug delivery for bypassing blood-brain barrier and treatment of neurological diseases. The nasal route has been repeatedly examined in several preclinical models to investigate the delivery of drug to the brain via nanoparticles. Among various carriers utilized for drug delivery via nasal route, chitosan is widely used due to being effective in modulating drug charge. Key features of drug delivery systems through nasal route include easy drug delivery, higher stability in nasal cavity, increased penetration ability of drugs through nasal epithelium, and decreased drug metabolism. The present review investigated novel nano-formulations for drug delivery via nose to brain in treatment of major neurological disorders. In preclinical studies, intransaal nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems are found to be more promising, effective, and targeted. However, more preclinical studies are needed to confirm their non-toxicity and beneficial effects.

Keywords

• neurological disorders
• parkinson disease
• alzheimer disease
• huntington disease
• multiple sclerosis
• intranasal transmission
• blood-brain barrier
• nanoparticle
• liposome