ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PROFILE OF SALMONELLA ENTERICA SERVERS AND DETERMINATION OF MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION OF CIPROFLOXACIN AND CEFOTAXIME

Abstract

Intro: Enteric fever is a global public health concern, especially in the developing and underdeveloped countries. The emergence of multidrug resistance has created more difficulties for efficient therapy. This study was done to perform antibiotics susceptibility test of commonly used antibiotics against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and ParatyphiA and to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Cefotaxime and Ciprofloxacin. Methods: Blood samples were collected from suspected patients of enteric fever and were cultured following standard microbiological techniques. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique and MIC was carried out by agar dilution method following the guidelines of Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI,2020). A total of 1,328 blood samples were processed out of which 22 Salmonella Typhi and 11 Salmonella ParatyphiA were isolated. Findings: This study showed that 93.93% isolates of Salmonella Typhi and paraTtyphiA were sensitive to Ampicillin, 90.90% to Cefixime, 58% to Azithromycin 54.5% to Cefotaxime and 100% to Chloramphenicol. In contrast, 96.96% of isolates were resistant to Nalidixic acid and 87.87% to Ciprofloxacin. MIC value of Ciprofloxacin was ≤ 0.06 μg /ml MIC 4 (12.12%) out of 33 isolates of Salmonella Typhi and ParatyphiA, < 0.12-0.5 μg /ml in, 7 (21.21%) and ≥1 μg /ml MIC in 22 (66.6%) of isolates (Cut off value: 0.06 μg /ml). Similarly, The MIC value for Cefotaxime were ≤ 1 μg /ml in 18 (54.54%), 2 μg /ml, 2 (6.06%), and ≥ 4 μg /ml in 13 (39.39%) of isolates (cut off value ≤ 1 μg /ml). Discussion: The current study showed that there was reversal of antimicrobial sensitivity pattern in Salmonella enterica pathogens Conclusion: Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol and Cefixime can be used for the treatment of typhoid fever and quinolone is not effective against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and ParatyphiA.