Dual solution for double-diffusive mixed convection opposing flow through a vertical cylinder saturated in a Darcy porous media containing gyrotactic microorganisms

Abstract

Abstract The steady mixed convection flow towards an isothermal permeable vertical cylinder nested in a fluid-saturated porous medium is studied. The Darcy model is applied to observe bioconvection through porous media. The suspension of gyrotactic microorganisms is considered for various applications in bioconvection. Appropriate similarity variables are opted to attain the dimensionless form of governing equations. The resulting momentum, energy, concentration, and motile microorganism density equations are then solved numerically. The resulting dual solutions are graphically visualized and physically analyzed. The results indicate that depending on the systems' parameters, dual solutions exist in opposing flow beyond a critical point where both solutions are connected. Our results were also compared with existing literature.