JPhys Photonics (Jan 2023)
2023 Astrophotonics Roadmap: pathways to realizing multi-functional integrated astrophotonic instruments
- Nemanja Jovanovic,
- Pradip Gatkine,
- Narsireddy Anugu,
- Rodrigo Amezcua-Correa,
- Ritoban Basu Thakur,
- Charles Beichman,
- Chad F. Bender,
- Jean-Philippe Berger,
- Azzurra Bigioli,
- Joss Bland-Hawthorn,
- Guillaume Bourdarot,
- Charles M Bradford,
- Ronald Broeke,
- Julia Bryant,
- Kevin Bundy,
- Ross Cheriton,
- Nick Cvetojevic,
- Momen Diab,
- Scott A Diddams,
- Aline N Dinkelaker,
- Jeroen Duis,
- Stephen Eikenberry,
- Simon Ellis,
- Akira Endo,
- Donald F Figer,
- Michael P. Fitzgerald,
- Itandehui Gris-Sanchez,
- Simon Gross,
- Ludovic Grossard,
- Olivier Guyon,
- Sebastiaan Y Haffert,
- Samuel Halverson,
- Robert J Harris,
- Jinping He,
- Tobias Herr,
- Philipp Hottinger,
- Elsa Huby,
- Michael Ireland,
- Rebecca Jenson-Clem,
- Jeffrey Jewell,
- Laurent Jocou,
- Stefan Kraus,
- Lucas Labadie,
- Sylvestre Lacour,
- Romain Laugier,
- Katarzyna Ławniczuk,
- Jonathan Lin,
- Stephanie Leifer,
- Sergio Leon-Saval,
- Guillermo Martin,
- Frantz Martinache,
- Marc-Antoine Martinod,
- Benjamin A Mazin,
- Stefano Minardi,
- John D Monnier,
- Reinan Moreira,
- Denis Mourard,
- Abani Shankar Nayak,
- Barnaby Norris,
- Ewelina Obrzud,
- Karine Perraut,
- François Reynaud,
- Steph Sallum,
- David Schiminovich,
- Christian Schwab,
- Eugene Serbayn,
- Sherif Soliman,
- Andreas Stoll,
- Liang Tang,
- Peter Tuthill,
- Kerry Vahala,
- Gautam Vasisht,
- Sylvain Veilleux,
- Alexander B Walter,
- Edward J Wollack,
- Yinzi Xin,
- Zongyin Yang,
- Stephanos Yerolatsitis,
- Yang Zhang,
- Chang-Ling Zou
Affiliations
- Nemanja Jovanovic
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA, United States of America
- Pradip Gatkine
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA, United States of America
- Narsireddy Anugu
- ORCiD
- The CHARA Array of Georgia State University, Mount Wilson Observatory , Mount Wilson, Altadena, CA 91203, United States of America
- Rodrigo Amezcua-Correa
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida , Orlando, FL, United States of America
- Ritoban Basu Thakur
- ORCiD
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA, United States of America; Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA, United States of America
- Charles Beichman
- IPAC/NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA, United States of America
- Chad F. Bender
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ, United States of America
- Jean-Philippe Berger
- ORCiD
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG , 38000 Grenoble, France
- Azzurra Bigioli
- ORCiD
- Institute of Astronomy, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Joss Bland-Hawthorn
- ORCiD
- Sydney Institute for Astronomy (SIfA), School of Physics, The University of Sydney , Sydney, Australia
- Guillaume Bourdarot
- ORCiD
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics , Garching, Germany
- Charles M Bradford
- ORCiD
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA, United States of America
- Ronald Broeke
- Bright Photonics BV , Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Julia Bryant
- ORCiD
- Sydney Institute for Astronomy (SIfA), School of Physics, The University of Sydney , Sydney, Australia
- Kevin Bundy
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
- Ross Cheriton
- ORCiD
- Advanced Electronics and Photonics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada , Ottawa, Canada
- Nick Cvetojevic
- ORCiD
- Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange , Nice, France
- Momen Diab
- ORCiD
- Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada
- Scott A Diddams
- ORCiD
- Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering and Department of Physics, University of Colorado , Boulder, CO, United States of America
- Aline N Dinkelaker
- ORCiD
- Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP) , Potsdam, Germany
- Jeroen Duis
- ORCiD
- PHIX Photonics Assembly , Enschede, The Netherlands
- Stephen Eikenberry
- ORCiD
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida , Orlando, FL, United States of America
- Simon Ellis
- ORCiD
- Australian Astronomical Optics, Astrophysics and Space Technologies Research Centre, Macquarie University , North Ryde, NSW, Australia
- Akira Endo
- ORCiD
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology , Delft, The Netherlands
- Donald F Figer
- ORCiD
- Center for Detectors, Rochester Institute of Technology , Rochester, NY, United States of America
- Michael P. Fitzgerald
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Itandehui Gris-Sanchez
- ORCiD
- ITEAM Research Institute, Universitat Politècnica de València , Valencia, Spain
- Simon Gross
- ORCiD
- MQ Photonics Research Centre, School of Engineering, Macquarie University , North Ryde, NSW, Australia
- Ludovic Grossard
- ORCiD
- Limoges, CNRS, XLIM , UMR 7252, F-87000 Limoges, France
- Olivier Guyon
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ, United States of America; Subaru Telescope, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, National Institute of Natural Sciences , Hilo, HI, United States of America; Astrobiology Center of NINS, Osawa , Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan; College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ, United States of America
- Sebastiaan Y Haffert
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ, United States of America
- Samuel Halverson
- ORCiD
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA, United States of America
- Robert J Harris
- Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy , Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Physics, Durham University , Durham, United Kingdom
- Jinping He
- ORCiD
- National Astronomical Observatories, Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics & Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing, People’s Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Astronomical Optics & Technology, Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics & Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Tobias Herr
- ORCiD
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Germany and Universität Hamburg , Hamburg, Germany
- Philipp Hottinger
- ORCiD
- Landessternwarte, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg , Heidelberg, Germany
- Elsa Huby
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité , Meudon, France
- Michael Ireland
- ORCiD
- The Australian National University , Canberra, Australia
- Rebecca Jenson-Clem
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
- Jeffrey Jewell
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA, United States of America
- Laurent Jocou
- ORCiD
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG , 38000 Grenoble, France
- Stefan Kraus
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter , Exeter, United Kingdom
- Lucas Labadie
- ORCiD
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77 , 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Sylvestre Lacour
- ORCiD
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité , Meudon, France
- Romain Laugier
- ORCiD
- Institute of Astronomy, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Katarzyna Ławniczuk
- Bright Photonics BV , Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Jonathan Lin
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Stephanie Leifer
- ORCiD
- Department of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA, United States of America
- Sergio Leon-Saval
- ORCiD
- Sydney Astrophotonics Instrumentation Laboratory (SAIL), School of Physics, The University of Sydney , Sydney, Australia
- Guillermo Martin
- ORCiD
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG , 38000 Grenoble, France
- Frantz Martinache
- Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange , Nice, France
- Marc-Antoine Martinod
- ORCiD
- Institute of Astronomy, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Benjamin A Mazin
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA, United States of America
- Stefano Minardi
- Ams-OSRAM , Jena, Germany
- John D Monnier
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Reinan Moreira
- Ultra-Low Loss Technologies , Santa Barbara, CA, United States of America
- Denis Mourard
- ORCiD
- Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange , Nice, France
- Abani Shankar Nayak
- ORCiD
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena , Jena, Germany
- Barnaby Norris
- Sydney Institute for Astronomy (SIfA), School of Physics, The University of Sydney , Sydney, Australia
- Ewelina Obrzud
- ORCiD
- Centre Suisse d’Electronique et de Microtechnique , Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Karine Perraut
- ORCiD
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG , 38000 Grenoble, France
- François Reynaud
- ORCiD
- Limoges, CNRS, XLIM , UMR 7252, F-87000 Limoges, France
- Steph Sallum
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, CA, United States of America
- David Schiminovich
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Columbia University , New York, NY, United States of America
- Christian Schwab
- ORCiD
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Macquarie University , Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Eugene Serbayn
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA, United States of America
- Sherif Soliman
- ORCiD
- PHIX Photonics Assembly , Enschede, The Netherlands
- Andreas Stoll
- ORCiD
- Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP) , Potsdam, Germany
- Liang Tang
- National Astronomical Observatories, Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics & Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing, People’s Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Astronomical Optics & Technology, Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics & Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Peter Tuthill
- ORCiD
- Sydney Institute for Astronomy (SIfA), School of Physics, The University of Sydney , Sydney, Australia
- Kerry Vahala
- Department of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA, United States of America
- Gautam Vasisht
- ORCiD
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA, United States of America
- Sylvain Veilleux
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Joint Space-Science Institute, University of Maryland , College Park, MD, United States of America
- Alexander B Walter
- ORCiD
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA, United States of America
- Edward J Wollack
- ORCiD
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD, United States of America
- Yinzi Xin
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA, United States of America
- Zongyin Yang
- ORCiD
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Stephanos Yerolatsitis
- ORCiD
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida , Orlando, FL, United States of America
- Yang Zhang
- ORCiD
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Maryland , College Park, MD, United States of America
- Chang-Ling Zou
- ORCiD
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ace869
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 5,
no. 4
p. 042501
Abstract
Photonic technologies offer numerous functionalities that can be used to realize astrophotonic instruments. The most spectacular example to date is the ESO Gravity instrument at the Very Large Telescope in Chile that combines the light-gathering power of four 8 m telescopes through a complex photonic interferometer. Fully integrated astrophotonic devices stand to offer critical advantages for instrument development, including extreme miniaturization when operating at the diffraction-limit, as well as integration, superior thermal and mechanical stabilization owing to the small footprint, and high replicability offering significant cost savings. Numerous astrophotonic technologies have been developed to address shortcomings of conventional instruments to date, including for example the development of photonic lanterns to convert from multimode inputs to single mode outputs, complex aperiodic fiber Bragg gratings to filter OH emission from the atmosphere, complex beam combiners to enable long baseline interferometry with for example, ESO Gravity, and laser frequency combs for high precision spectral calibration of spectrometers. Despite these successes, the facility implementation of photonic solutions in astronomical instrumentation is currently limited because of (1) low throughputs from coupling to fibers, coupling fibers to chips, propagation and bend losses, device losses, etc, (2) difficulties with scaling to large channel count devices needed for large bandwidths and high resolutions, and (3) efficient integration of photonics with detectors, to name a few. In this roadmap, we identify 24 key areas that need further development. We outline the challenges and advances needed across those areas covering design tools, simulation capabilities, fabrication processes, the need for entirely new components, integration and hybridization and the characterization of devices. To realize these advances the astrophotonics community will have to work cooperatively with industrial partners who have more advanced manufacturing capabilities. With the advances described herein, multi-functional integrated instruments will be realized leading to novel observing capabilities for both ground and space based platforms, enabling new scientific studies and discoveries.
Keywords
