Frontiers in Psychiatry (Mar 2021)
Failure of Healthcare Provision for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in the United Kingdom: A Consensus Statement
- Susan Young,
- Susan Young,
- Susan Young,
- Philip Asherson,
- Philip Asherson,
- Tony Lloyd,
- Michael Absoud,
- Michael Absoud,
- Michael Absoud,
- Muhammad Arif,
- William Andrew Colley,
- William Andrew Colley,
- Samuele Cortese,
- Samuele Cortese,
- Samuele Cortese,
- Samuele Cortese,
- Sally Cubbin,
- Nancy Doyle,
- Nancy Doyle,
- Susan Dunn Morua,
- Susan Dunn Morua,
- Philip Ferreira-Lay,
- Gisli Gudjonsson,
- Gisli Gudjonsson,
- Valerie Ivens,
- Christine Jarvis,
- Alexandra Lewis,
- Peter Mason,
- Peter Mason,
- Peter Mason,
- Tamsin Newlove-Delgado,
- Mark Pitts,
- Helen Read,
- Kobus van Rensburg,
- Bozhena Zoritch,
- Bozhena Zoritch,
- Caroline Skirrow,
- Caroline Skirrow
Affiliations
- Susan Young
- Psychology Services Limited, London, United Kingdom
- Susan Young
- Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Susan Young
- ADHD Foundation, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Philip Asherson
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
- Philip Asherson
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Tony Lloyd
- ADHD Foundation, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Michael Absoud
- Department of Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Michael Absoud
- King's Health Partners Academic Health Science Centre, London, United Kingdom
- Michael Absoud
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Muhammad Arif
- Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom
- William Andrew Colley
- 0CLC Consultancy, Perth, United Kingdom
- William Andrew Colley
- 1SWB (Global), Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Samuele Cortese
- 2Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences & Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Samuele Cortese
- 3Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Samuele Cortese
- 4Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Samuele Cortese
- 5Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York, NY, United States
- Sally Cubbin
- 6The ADHD Clinic, Manor Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nancy Doyle
- 7Genius Within, Plumpton Green, United Kingdom
- Nancy Doyle
- 8Department of Organizational Psychology, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Susan Dunn Morua
- 9AADD-United Kingdom, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Susan Dunn Morua
- 0Bristol Adult ADHD Support Group, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Philip Ferreira-Lay
- 1Surrey and Borders Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Leatherhead, United Kingdom
- Gisli Gudjonsson
- Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Gisli Gudjonsson
- 2Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Valerie Ivens
- 3ADHD Richmond and Kingston, London, United Kingdom
- Christine Jarvis
- 4ADHD Solutions CIC, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Alexandra Lewis
- 5Cambridge & Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Peter Mason
- ADHD Foundation, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Peter Mason
- 6ADHD and Psychiatry Services Limited, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Peter Mason
- 7Cheshire and Wirral Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Chester, United Kingdom
- Tamsin Newlove-Delgado
- 8University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Mark Pitts
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Helen Read
- 9ADHD Consultancy Limited, London, United Kingdom
- Kobus van Rensburg
- 0Adult ADHD and Asperger's Team & Children and Young People's ADHD and ASD Service, Northamptonshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Kettering, United Kingdom
- Bozhena Zoritch
- 1ADDmire Clinic, West Byfleet, United Kingdom
- Bozhena Zoritch
- 2Epsom and St. Helier University Hospital, Epsom, United Kingdom
- Caroline Skirrow
- 3Cambridge Cognition, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Caroline Skirrow
- 4Psychological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.649399
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 12
Abstract
Background: Despite evidence-based national guidelines for ADHD in the United Kingdom (UK), ADHD is under-identified, under-diagnosed, and under-treated. Many seeking help for ADHD face prejudice, long waiting lists, and patchy or unavailable services, and are turning to service-user support groups and/or private healthcare for help.Methods: A group of UK experts representing clinical and healthcare providers from public and private healthcare, academia, ADHD patient groups, educational, and occupational specialists, met to discuss shortfalls in ADHD service provision in the UK. Discussions explored causes of under-diagnosis, examined biases operating across referral, diagnosis and treatment, together with recommendations for resolving these matters.Results: Cultural and structural barriers operate at all levels of the healthcare system, resulting in a de-prioritization of ADHD. Services for ADHD are insufficient in many regions, and problems with service provision have intensified as a result of the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Research has established a range of adverse outcomes of untreated ADHD, and associated long-term personal, social, health and economic costs are high. The consensus group called for training of professionals who come into contact with people with ADHD, increased funding, commissioning and monitoring to improve service provision, and streamlined communication between health services to support better outcomes for people with ADHD.Conclusions: Evidence-based national clinical guidelines for ADHD are not being met. People with ADHD should have access to healthcare free from discrimination, and in line with their legal rights. UK Governments and clinical and regulatory bodies must act urgently on this important public health issue.
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