Arthroscopic Treatment of Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome with Bone Cyst at Femoral Head-Neck Junction: Case Report and Literature Review

Abstract

In recent years, with the development of imaging and arthroscopy techniques, and a deep understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAI), more and more scholars have gained a greater knowledge of the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. FAI not only has abnormal bone structure, such as cam deformity at the femoral head-neck junction, acetabular osteophyte formation, and bone cyst at the femoral or acetabulum, but also leads to the soft tissue injury of the hip joint, like acetabulum cartilage and labrum lesion, which might accelerate the progression of hip osteoarthritis. The incidence of bone cyst or synovial hernia at the femoral head-neck junction is not rare, which was seen as a sign of impingement. However, there is a paucity of literature about the treatment of bone cyst and the clear standard protocols of treatment, especially large or polycystic cysts. In this study, we reported a case of Cam FAI complicated with a giant bone cyst at the femoral head-neck junction and its characteristics and arthroscopic treatment. We also reviewed relevant documents and summarized the protocols of management of FAI complicated with femoral head-neck bone cyst for clinical reference.

Keywords

• Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome
• Bone cyst
• Synovial herniation
• Femoral osteochondroplasty
• Arthroscopy