Characteristics of calcified nodule attributable to culprit lesion in acute coronary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Roy Bagus Kurniawan,
Pandit Bagus Tri Saputra,
Alyaa Ulaa Dhiya Ul Haq,
Dinda Dwi Purwati,
Citrawati Dyah Kencono Wungu,
Hendri Susilo,
Mochamad Yusuf Alsagaff,
Indah Mohd Amin,
Yudi Her Oktaviono
Affiliations
Roy Bagus Kurniawan
Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
Pandit Bagus Tri Saputra
Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia – Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
Alyaa Ulaa Dhiya Ul Haq
Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
Dinda Dwi Purwati
Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
Citrawati Dyah Kencono Wungu
Department of Physiology and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Corresponding author
Hendri Susilo
Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia – Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
Mochamad Yusuf Alsagaff
Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia – Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
Indah Mohd Amin
Center of Preclinical Science Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Yudi Her Oktaviono
Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia – Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
Summary: The presence of calcified nodule (CN) is a significant characteristic of atherothrombosis in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, its characteristics continue to be understudied. This review aimed to further investigate these characteristics. This study found that CN was a distinctive feature of an atheromatous plaque, representing 6.3% of ACS. CN was more common in NSTE-ACS than in STEMI patients (9.4% vs. 6.6%). CN was also chiefly observed in the left anterior descendant artery (48%), followed by the right coronary (40.4%) and left circumflex (14.5%) arteries. Higher prevalence of hypertension (78.8%), diabetes mellitus (50.8%), multivessel disease (71.7%), and kidney disease (26.43%) were noted in CN compared to non-CN patients. CN-associated ACS also 6-fold increased the risk of target lesion revascularization compared to those without CN.
