Ecotoxicological Evaluation of Two Types of Commercial Detergents on Radish (Raphanus Sativus) Seeds

Abstract

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the ecotoxicological effect of commonly used liquid and powder detergents on the parameters of germination capacity, root and hypocotyl growth, germination index, and median lethal dose (LD50) in seeds of Raphanus sativus (radish). Seeds were acclimatized under standardized conditions. Bioassays were prepared from a 50% standard solution, obtaining concentrations of 10;20;30;40;40;50 ppm of both detergents, each bioassay followed the completely randomized block experimental design: four replicates, one positive control, six seeds for 72 hours, ANOVA was implemented using Excel 2019. The germination percentage for the powder detergent (A) was 27.67%, while the liquid (B) did not present problems in the development. The root and hypocotyl inhalation for detergent A was 6.75 and 17.65% and B 38.24% and 50.45%, respectively; the germination index for detergent A and B was 5.80 and 38.24%, respectively. The median lethal dose was only 20.27 mg/L for detergent A. It was possible to establish that the increase in the concentrations of the detergents, decreases the determined parameters, consequent of the detergents with surfactants and sulfactants.

Keywords

• bioassay, germination, ecotoxigenology, raphanus sativus, detergents, root elongation.