Screening for Abuse of Older Adults: A Study Done at Primary Health Care Level in Punjab, India

Abstract

Background: Little is known about elder abuse in the domestic environment. In lower-middle income countries like India, the demographic transition is throwing novel challenges. The older adults are relatively more vulnerable because of coexisting medical and psychological problems. Any form of abuse affects mental health and increases the chances of anxiety and depression among the older adults. The study aimed to assess the burden of abuse amongst older adults visiting a primary health care center of north India. Methods: This is secondary data analysis conducted on the data collected in the primary study between September 2017 and June 2018 in northern India among 311 older adult patients attending the noncommunicable disease clinic. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension were diagnosed as per standard guidelines. Vulnerability to Abuse Screening Scale (VASS) was used to assess elder abuse. Depression, anxiety, and loneliness were assessed by using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)-7, and University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) loneliness 20-item scale, respectively. Multiple logistic regression was carried out to explore the factors associated with elder abuse after ruling out collinearity between independent variables. Results: About 24% of older adults experienced abuse in the last 12 months. One-fourth of the older adults reported vulnerability, nearly half reported coercion and dejection, and most of them reported experiencing dependence. Participants also had a high prevalence of anxiety (39%), depression (54%), and features suggestive of loneliness (38.6%). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that abuse was predicted by educational status, per-capita income, and loneliness. Conclusion: About one-fourth of the older adults experience abuse. This highlights the importance of routine screening of older adults at the primary care level.