Beyond methodology: Theoretical foundations of triangulation in qualitative and multi-method research: A literature review

Abstract

The study examines the concept of the “triangulation approach” in the social research methodology. Triangulation is an innovative method, particularly in qualitative and multi-method research. Social scientists have recently shown active interest in applying the triangulation approach, especially for conducting in-depth research using multiple inquiries. However, this method faces criticism and misunderstanding among social researchers regarding its essence, methodology, and the credibility of the results obtained. Therefore, this study thoroughly analyses the essence of triangulation and demonstrates the types of this approach and its possibilities in social sciences. The research methodology is based on a systematic review of the literature, using 31 studies published in scientific journals. The study critically analyses publications related to triangulation, demonstrates various methods of applying triangulation in social sciences, and emphasises the advantages and limitations of its use. The theoretical contribution of the study lies in uncovering the essence of the triangulation approach and its relationship with qualitative and multi-method research. In addition, the empirical component of the study significantly improves the methodological aspect of social sciences, contributing to a proper understanding and application of the triangulation approach among researchers in this field

Keywords

• triangulation
• qualitative research
• multi-method approach
• social sciences
• different sources