DNA Methylation in RARβ Gene as a Mediator of the Association Between Healthy Lifestyle and Breast Cancer: A Case–Control Study

Abstract

Xuan Wang, 1 Yupeng Liu, 1 Hongru Sun, 1 Anqi Ge, 1 Dapeng Li, 1 Jinming Fu, 1 Yan Li, 1 Da Pang, 2 Yashuang Zhao 1 1Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilong Jiang Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilong Jiang Province, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yashuang ZhaoDepartment of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/ Fax [phone]Email [email protected] PangDepartment of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/ Fax [phone]Email [email protected]: Lifestyle factors and methylation in the retinoic acid receptor β (RARβ) gene are associated with breast cancer (BC). This study aims to examine the mediation effect of RARβ methylation on the association between healthy lifestyle and BC in Chinese women.Patients and Methods: This case–control study consisted of 408 BC patients and 573 controls. A healthy lifestyle score (HLS) was constructed based on diet, alcohol use, physical activity, body mass index and smoking. The mediation effect of RARβ methylation in peripheral blood leukocytes was assessed in a causal mediation model using R package Lavaan.Results: A higher HLS was significantly associated with lower risk of BC (P-value< 0.001). In mediation analyses, the total effect of HLS on BC measured as a regression coefficient was significant (− 0.237). The indirect effects of HLS on RARβ methylation (− 0.153) and RARβ methylation on BC (0.220) were both significant. The significant mediation effect of RARβ methylation on the HLS-BC association was estimated at 14.3%.Conclusion: The relationship between healthy lifestyle and BC is partly mediated by RARβ methylation, suggesting that epigenetic modifications play a role in the underlying mechanisms in response to lifestyles and contribute to the development of BC.Keywords: healthy lifestyle score, retinoic acid receptor β, mediation effect, population study

Keywords

• healthy lifestyle score
• retinoic acid receptor β
• mediation effect
• population study