Journal of Blood Medicine (Jun 2024)
Haematological Indices in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients in Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
Samuel Tadesse,1 Esayas Kebede Gudina,2 Daniel Yilma,2 Elsah Tegene Asefa,2 Tilahun Yemane,3 Andualem Mossie1 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia; 2Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia; 3Department of Medical Laboratory, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Samuel Tadesse, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, PO. Box 378, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia, Tel +251949542174, Email [email protected]: Numerous biomarkers are used as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive indicators of myocardial ischemia. The most commonly used biomarkers are cardiac troponin I (Tn-I) and creatinine kinase (CK-MB). However, in developing nations, their availability in primary care settings is extremely limited. In such situations, easily available assays such as complete blood count (CBC) should be investigated as prognostic indicators in individuals with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Objective: This study aimed to compare the pattern of haematological indices and blood cell ratios of ACS patients compared with apparently healthy controls.Methods: Patients diagnosed with ACS were recruited consecutively between 01 May 2022 and 31 October 2023 at Jimma Medical Center (JMC). Biochemical analyses and complete blood counts were performed. Analysis of variance was performed to compare the continuous variables. Spearman correlation coefficient tests were performed to correlate hematologic parameters with high sensitive troponin-I (hs-Tn-I) levels.Results: This study enrolled 220 participants (110 patients with ACS and age, sex, and place of residence matched 110 non-ACS controls). From ACS group 99 (90%) were diagnosed with ST-elevated myocardial infarction. The ACS group had a significantly greater mean platelet volume (MPV), white blood cell count, red cell distribution width (RDW), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio. The RDW (r = 0.248, p = 0.009) and MPV (r = 0.245, p = 0.009) were significantly positively correlated with hs-Tn-I levels in the ACS group. MPV, RDW, and monocyte count were significantly higher in non-survivor ACS patients (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The significant differences observed in haematological parameters between individuals with ACS and healthy controls suggest the potential utility of these easily accessible and cost-effective diagnostics in predicting future morbidity and ACS risk. Incorporating these routine evaluations into clinical practice could enhance risk assessment and improve patient outcomes.Keywords: acute coronary syndrome, haematological indices, ACS prognosis, mortality risk, Jimma medical center
