Thiazolidin-2,4-Dione Scaffold: An Insight into Recent Advances as Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Hypoglycemic Agents
Harsh Kumar,
Navidha Aggarwal,
Minakshi Gupta Marwaha,
Aakash Deep,
Hitesh Chopra,
Mohammed M. Matin,
Arpita Roy,
Talha Bin Emran,
Yugal Kishore Mohanta,
Ramzan Ahmed,
Tapan Kumar Mohanta,
Muthupandian Saravanan,
Rakesh Kumar Marwaha,
Ahmed Al-Harrasi
Affiliations
Harsh Kumar
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India
Navidha Aggarwal
MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana 133207, India
Minakshi Gupta Marwaha
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sat Priya College of Pharmacy, Rohtak 124001, India
Aakash Deep
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani 127021, India
Hitesh Chopra
College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
Mohammed M. Matin
Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
Arpita Roy
Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India
Talha Bin Emran
Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
Yugal Kishore Mohanta
Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya, Ri-Bhoi 793101, India
Ramzan Ahmed
Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya, Ri-Bhoi 793101, India
Tapan Kumar Mohanta
Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
Muthupandian Saravanan
AMR and Nanotherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 600077, India
Rakesh Kumar Marwaha
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India
Ahmed Al-Harrasi
Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen and sulfur, especially those in the thiazole family, have generated special interest in terms of their synthetic chemistry, which is attributable to their ubiquitous existence in pharmacologically dynamic natural products and also as overwhelmingly powerful agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals. The thiazolidin-2,4-dione (TZD) moiety plays a central role in the biological functioning of several essential molecules. The availability of substitutions at the third and fifth positions of the Thiazolidin-2,4-dione (TZD) scaffold makes it a highly utilized and versatile moiety that exhibits a wide range of biological activities. TZD analogues exhibit their hypoglycemic activity by improving insulin resistance through PPAR-γ receptor activation, their antimicrobial action by inhibiting cytoplasmic Mur ligases, and their antioxidant action by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this manuscript, an effort has been made to review the research on TZD derivatives as potential antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antihyperglycemic agents from the period from 2010 to the present date, along with their molecular mechanisms and the information on patents granted to TZD analogues.
