Timely Considerations of Using the de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale with Older Adults Living in Long-Term Care Homes: A Critical Reflection

Abstract

Context: Despite being widely used with older adults in the community, there is limited literature on using the de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale with older adults living in long-term care (LTC). Objective: The purpose of this article is to discuss the considerations of using this scale with older adults in LTC. Method: Our team consisted of older person and family partners, a clinician, and academic researchers working together in all stages of research using the Loneliness scale to conduct individual interviews with 20 older adults in LTC in Vancouver, Canada, as part of a study exploring the experience of loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic. Team reflection was embedded in the research process, with reflection data consisting of data transcripts, field notes, and regular team meeting notes. Thematic analysis was employed to identify lessons learned and implications. Findings: Participants had various challenges responding to the scale. Our analysis identified five themes: a) diverse meanings of loneliness, b) multi-faceted factors of loneliness, c) technical challenges, d) social desirability, and e) situational experience. We also offer five recommendations to consider when using this scale with older adults in LTC. Limitations: We used this scale with a small sample of older adults in LTC, which is a more time and labour-intensive population. Data on marital status and educational background was not collected but might help in understanding considerations for using the scale with older adults in LTC. Implications: We offer practical recommendations for using the scale with older adults in LTC, especially how qualitative open-ended questions can complement the scale by providing useful insights into context and complex experiences.

Keywords

• social isolation
• residential care
• care home
• elderly
• patient-oriented research