Rational combination of oncolytic vaccinia virus and PD-L1 blockade works synergistically to enhance therapeutic efficacy

Abstract

Anti-PD-L1 therapy often fails in cancers with minimal lymphocytic infiltrates and low PD-L1 expression. Here, the authors show that an oncolytic virus increases PD-L1 expression in cancer models and that the combination with an anti-PD-L1 antibody enhances therapy by increasing the infiltration of activated T cells, and reducing exhausted T cells.