MYD88 and CD79B double mutations type (MCD type) of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: mechanism, clinical characteristics, and targeted therapy

Abstract

MYD88/CD79B-mutated (MCD) genotype is a genetic subgroup of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with the co-occurrence of MYD88 L265P and CD79B mutations. MCD genotype is characterized by poor prognosis and extranodal involvement especially in immune-privileged sites. MCD model is dominated by activated B-cell (ABC)-like subtype of DLBCLs. It is generally accepted that the pathogenesis of MCD DLBCL mainly includes chronic active B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling and oncogenic MYD88 mutations, which drives pathological nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation in MCD lymphoid malignancies. CD79B and MYD88 L265P mutations are frequently and contemporaneously founded in B-cell malignancies. The collaboration of the two mutations may explain the unique biology of MCD. Meanwhile, standard immunochemotherapy combine with different targeted therapies worth further study to improve the prognosis of MCD, according to genetic, phenotypic, and clinical features of MCD type. In this review, we systematically described mechanism, clinical characteristics, and targeted therapy of MCD DLBCL.