Drug loading comparison of commercial ibuprofen on magnetite nanoparticles surface by UV–Vis spectrophotometry and acid-alkali titration by a factorial design of experiments
Felipe Ocampo Osorio,
Esteban Noé Villanueva Badillo,
Dariana Geraldine Erazo Rondón,
Erika Tatiana Muñoz Arango,
Abilo Andrés Velásquez Salazar,
Alvaro Andrés Velasquez Torres,
Oscar Moscoso Londoño,
Elisabeth Restrepo Parra,
César Leandro Londoño Calderón
Affiliations
Felipe Ocampo Osorio
Departamento de Física y Matemáticas, Universidad Autónoma de Manizales, Antigua Estación del Ferrocarril, Manizales, CP 170001, Colombia; Laboratorio de Física del Plasma, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Manizales, Manizales 170001, Colombia
Esteban Noé Villanueva Badillo
Departamento de Física y Matemáticas, Universidad Autónoma de Manizales, Antigua Estación del Ferrocarril, Manizales, CP 170001, Colombia
Dariana Geraldine Erazo Rondón
Departamento de Física y Matemáticas, Universidad Autónoma de Manizales, Antigua Estación del Ferrocarril, Manizales, CP 170001, Colombia
Erika Tatiana Muñoz Arango
Área de Física Médica Hospitalaria, S.E.S Hospital Universitario de Caldas (SES-HUC), Cl. 48 25 -71, Manizales, 170003, Caldas, Colombia
Abilo Andrés Velásquez Salazar
Departamento de Física y Matemáticas, Universidad Autónoma de Manizales, Antigua Estación del Ferrocarril, Manizales, CP 170001, Colombia
Alvaro Andrés Velasquez Torres
Grupo de Electromagnetismo Aplicado, Universidad EAFIT, Medellín A.A. 3300, Colombia
Oscar Moscoso Londoño
Departamento de Física y Matemáticas, Universidad Autónoma de Manizales, Antigua Estación del Ferrocarril, Manizales, CP 170001, Colombia
Elisabeth Restrepo Parra
Laboratorio de Física del Plasma, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Manizales, Manizales 170001, Colombia
César Leandro Londoño Calderón
Departamento de Física y Matemáticas, Universidad Autónoma de Manizales, Antigua Estación del Ferrocarril, Manizales, CP 170001, Colombia; Corresponding author.
The drug efficacy for the pathologies treatments depends on several physicochemical properties of the drug. Among these, solubility is one of the most important and is directly related to the bioavailability of the drug. Ibuprofen is a popular drug used for the treatment of different diseases. However, its dissolution rate in aqueous media is limited, which causes undesirable adverse effects on the patient. One of the possibilities to solve this challenge is loading ibuprofen on the surface of the nanoparticles for drug delivery. However, some challenges related to complicated experimental procedures, expensive chemical precursors, the techniques for ibuprofen quantification, and the loading efficiency continue to be a problem. This work reports the synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles and the straightforward loading with commercial ibuprofen in a mixed ethanol/water solution without intermediate surfactants, stabilizers, or linkers. XRD, SEM, FT-IR, Magnetometry, UV–Vis Spectrophotometry, and DLS techniques allowed for determining the samples' structure, morphology, functional groups, magnetism, and agglomerate size. A complete factorial Design of Experiments allowed for comparing the encapsulation efficiency for two exposure and centrifugation times (20 and 40 min) by UV–VIS and Acid-alkali titration. The results suggest that the magnetic separation and centrifugation (< 2000 RPM) were inappropriate for nanoparticle decantation. This produces an underestimation of the ibuprofen adsorbed by the nanoparticles. Under our experimental conditions, 20 min is enough to achieve maximum encapsulation efficiency (14%) without surfactants or binders.
