Arabian Journal of Chemistry (Dec 2020)
The behavior of natural biomass materials as drug carriers in releasing loaded Gentamicin sulphate
Abstract
Pharmaceutical and clinicians researchers are looking for novel drug carriers to maintain the drug level in the body in low and effective dose. Thus, the present research concerned with studying the behavior of some natural biomass materials, namely microcrystalline cellulose, MCC, nanocrystalline cellulose, NCC, nanomethylcellulose, MC, and carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC, as a drug carrier materials for the Gentamicin sulphate, GM, by following up their rate of releasing the loaded drug with the time. Knowing of the initial rate of the releasing to each one and the sustaining rate along the period of the treatment, helps in choosing the best carrier for the drug that matches the patients requirements either whom are in need for a rapid dose (high level) of the drug followed by slow (low level) dose or those in need to start with the low level of the drug followed by high level of the drug. We chose MCC, NCC, MC and CMC, as natural, nontoxic biodegradable and renewable biomass materials, beside their low cost, to carry out this study. The results of the drug release, which measured by UV spectra, showed that the MCC, NCC, MC and CMC loaded with 0.025 g of the GM drug released 27.2%, 42.1%, 29.7%, 28.5% of the drug, respectively, along 10 days. All of them achieved the slow of the drug release but their behavior were different, where MCC, NCC and CMC started with low release then increased, and inversely, MC gave high rate of drug release and then decreased. The cause of this behavior was concerned to the adsorbing of the drug particles on the surface of the biomass materials or absorbing of the drug particles into the pores of the biomass materials. This was indicated by the study of their morphological image using the SEM, as well as indicating the presence of the functional group using the FT-IR study. The XRD, EDX and Agar Diffusion Assay, i.e. antimicrobial activity, against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia Coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis were carried out to make help in choosing of the best carrier convenient to the case of the illness requirement.
