Ganoderma lucidum: Insight into antimicrobial and antioxidant properties with development of secondary metabolites
Md Faruque Ahmad,
Abdulrahman A. Alsayegh,
Fakhruddin Ali Ahmad,
Md Sayeed Akhtar,
Sirajudeen S. Alavudeen,
Farkad Bantun,
Shadma Wahab,
Awais Ahmed,
M. Ali,
Ehab Y. Elbendary,
António Raposo,
Nahla Kambal,
Mohamed H. Abdelrahman
Affiliations
Md Faruque Ahmad
Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Science, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia; Corresponding author.
Abdulrahman A. Alsayegh
Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Science, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
Fakhruddin Ali Ahmad
Department of Basic and Applied Science, School of Engineering and Science, G.D Goenka University, Gru Gram, 122103, Haryana, India
Md Sayeed Akhtar
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, AlFara, Abha, 62223, Saudi Arabia
Sirajudeen S. Alavudeen
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, AlFara, Abha, 62223, Saudi Arabia
Farkad Bantun
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Shadma Wahab
Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
Awais Ahmed
Department of Management, Shri JJT University, Rajasthan, Post code; 333010, India
M. Ali
Department of Pharmacognosy, CBS College of Pharmacy & Technology (Pt. B. D. Sharma University of Health Sciences), Chandpur, Faridabad, Haryana, 121101, India
Ehab Y. Elbendary
Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Science, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
António Raposo
CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024, Lisboa, Portugal
Nahla Kambal
Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Science, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
Mohamed H. Abdelrahman
College of Applied Medical Sciences, Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
Ganoderma lucidum is a versatile mushroom. Polysaccharides and triterpenoids are the major bioactive compounds and have been used as traditional medicinal mushrooms since ancient times. They are currently used as nutraceuticals and functional foods. G. lucidum extracts and their bioactive compounds have been used as an alternative to antioxidants and antimicrobial agents. Secondary metabolites with many medicinal properties make it a possible substitute that could be applied as immunomodulatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic. The miraculous properties of secondary metabolites fascinate researchers for their development and production. Recent studies have paid close attention to the different physical, genetic, biochemical, and nutritional parameters that potentiate the production of secondary metabolites. This review is an effort to collect biologically active constituents from G. lucidum that reveal potential actions against diseases with the latest improvement in a novel technique to get maximum production of secondary metabolites. Studies are going ahead to determine the efficacy of numerous compounds and assess the valuable properties achieved by G. lucidum in favor of antimicrobial and antioxidant outcomes.
