Machismo and Marianismo Associated With the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Indigenous Mexican Adults

Abstract

Background: Machismo and Marianismo are social constructs that influence individuals’ behaviors in society. These behaviors can negatively impact decisions about healthcare, potentially increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes. Objective: Analyze the relationship between Machismo, Marianismo beliefs, and the risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Indigenous Mexican adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study focusing on Nahua and Totonaca Indigenous people from the communities of Ahuacatlán and Huehuetla, in the northeastern and north of the State of Puebla. The study was conducted between March and June 2019. The study employed the Male Norms Conformity Inventory, the Marianism Belief Scale, and the American Diabetes Association Diabetes Risk Calculator. Results: A total of 491 people participated. The average age of participants was 39.5 (SD = 7.0) years. Machismo and Marianismo were significantly correlated with diabetes risk. The Machismo dimensions associated with increased diabetes risk included work primacy, risk-taking, and status-seeking. The Marianismo belief dimensions linked to diabetes risk were submission to others and being virtuous and chaste. Conclusion: Machismo and Marianismo, both contribute to the increased risk of Type 2 Diabetes among Indigenous Nahuas and Totonacs in Mexico. These findings are helpful to identify and evaluate such factors in at-risk individuals, enabling the future implementation of targeted interventions.