All Life (Dec 2022)
CDDP and ISSR markers-assisted diversity and structure analysis in Iraqi Mazu (Quercus infectoria Oliv.) accessions
Abstract
Mazu, or oak gall (Quercus infectoria Oliv.), a member of the Fabaceae family, is an abundant tree species in Iraq. Because of ongoing habitat damage, this species is on the verge of extinction. However, the genetic diversity of wild oak populations has yet to be measured. Semi-arbitrary [Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR)] and gene-targeted [Conserved DNA derived polymorphism (CDDP)] markers were employed separately or in combination to investigate genetic diversity within and among 85 Iraqi Mazu (Q. infectoria) accessions based on geographic origin. A total of 88 polymorphic alleles were produced in this investigation utilizing nine CDDP primers, with an average of 9.78 alleles per primer. The mean values for the major allele frequency (MAF), polymorphism information content (PIC), and marker index were 0.23, 0.29, and 2.79, respectively. Twenty ISSR primers were used to amplify 195 alleles (9.75 bands per primer), with MAF, PIC, and MI values of 0.21, 0.28, and 2.72, respectively. All accessions were divided into two major groups with multiple sub-groups based on Ward clustering and structure analysis. Within-population variance was calculated to be 94.17% using CDDP markers and 92.97% using ISSR markers. As per the fixation index values derived from the STRUCTURE analysis, there was a significant difference within the population. Increased gene flow was found among populations. The correlation (r) between the CDDP-based genetic distance matrix and the ISSR-based genetic distance matrix was 0.54, with a p-value of 0.001. The genetic dissimilarity calculated by CDDP and ISSR data revealed a wide range of diversity, demonstrating substantial genetic variation across accessions originating from various populations. This investigation’s findings could aid in the conservation and further utilization of oak germplasm.
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