Associations between plasma metals and hemoglobin in female college students with dysmenorrhea

Abstract

Background: Hemoglobin (HGB) was the most important factors which could cause dysmenorrhea in women. Metals exposure and hemoglobin level in dysmenorrhea female was unclear. We aimed to explore the associations of multi-metal exposure and HGB level in female college students with dysmenorrhea. Methods: 253 female students who had dysmenorrhea was included in our study. The Last Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression, generalized linear model (GLM), and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) models were used to explore the associations of multi-metal exposure and HGB levels in female college students with dysmenorrhea. Results: GLM results showed that plasma Fe, Ni and Rb was positively associated with HGB and plasma Co was negatively associated with HGB. In menarche age ≤13 years old group, plasma Co and Rb only was negatively and positively associated with HGB level, respectively, and plasma Ni had positive association with HGB level in menarche age >13 years old group. BKMR results showed the reverse U-shaped relationship between the five metals mixture (Co, Fe, Ni, Cu and Rb) and HGB levels in overall and menarche age ≤13 years old group. However, there were positive association between the five metals mixture and HGB levels in menarche age >13 years old group. Conclusion: Our present study revealed that metals (Fe, Ni, Co, Rb, Cu) mixture exposure could effect HGB levels in female college students with dysmenorrhea. And the relationships were different during different menarche age in female college students.

Keywords

• Multi-metal
• Exposure
• Combined effect
• Hemoglobin
• Dysmenorrhea