Physico-Chemical Characterization, Phenolic Compound Extraction and Biological Activity of Grapevine (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> L.) Canes
Răzvan Vasile Filimon,
Claudiu Ioan Bunea,
Florin Dumitru Bora,
Roxana Mihaela Filimon,
Simona Isabela Dunca,
Sándor Rózsa,
Liliana Ciurlă,
Antoanela Patraș
Affiliations
Răzvan Vasile Filimon
Research Development Station for Viticulture and Winemaking Iasi, 48 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, Romania
Claudiu Ioan Bunea
Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Faculty of Horticulture and Business in Rural Development, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăștur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Florin Dumitru Bora
Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Advanced Horticultural Research Institute of Transylvania, Faculty of Horticulture and Business in Rural Development, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăștur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Roxana Mihaela Filimon
Research Development Station for Viticulture and Winemaking Iasi, 48 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, Romania
Simona Isabela Dunca
Faculty of Biology, “Al. I. Cuza” University of Iasi, 11 Carol I Boulevard, 700506 Iasi, Romania
Sándor Rózsa
Horticultural Products Technology-Research Department, Faculty of Horticulture and Business in Rural Development, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăștur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Liliana Ciurlă
Faculty of Horticulture, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iasi University of Life Sciences (IULS), 3 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, Romania
Antoanela Patraș
Faculty of Horticulture, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iasi University of Life Sciences (IULS), 3 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, Romania
Annual grapevine pruning produces large amounts of unused waste as woody canes. The current study is aimed at the sustainable valorization of viticultural waste by establishing phenolic compound extraction conditions, composition, and biological potential of crude and purified cane extracts of three Vitis vinifera L. cultivars growing in temperate climate conditions. Grapevine canes proved to be rich in carbohydrates and minerals; chlorophyll and carotenoids were also quantified. The highest yield of phenolic compounds was obtained when dry canes (w/v) with 70% (v/v) ethanol, for 4 h at 35 °C, after a preliminary ultrasound treatment (6 min., 42 KHz); Pinot Gris canes showing the highest concentration of flavonoids and non-flavonoids. Stilbenes (resveratrol) and flavan-3-ols (catechin and epicatechin) were the main phenolic representative, resveratrol concentrations varying significantly between red-black (419.01–425.60 μg/g d.w.) and white (282.19 ± 4.14 μg/g d.w.) grape cultivars. Purified extracts (C-18 cartridge) exhibited higher antioxidant and antiradical activities compared to the crude extracts, and a higher antimicrobial effect, especially against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Oenococcus oeni showed a reduced susceptibility even at high extract concentrations (>100 mg/mL). These findings indicate that grapevine canes represent a valuable source of natural bioactive compounds, that are currently insufficiently known and not exploited to their true functional and economic potential.
