Saudi Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences (Jan 2022)

Prevalence and risk factors of osteoporosis in Saudi end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis

  • Moeber M Mahzari,
  • Ahmed R Alibrahim,
  • Nawaf A Alghamdi,
  • Muatassem A Alsadhan,
  • Saad M Almoamary,
  • Emad M Masuadi,
  • Awad S Al Shahrani

DOI
https://doi.org/10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_639_21
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 10, no. 3
pp. 259 – 265

Abstract

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Background: Osteoporosis is characterized by a decrease in bone mineral density, thereby increasing the risk of pathological fractures. It is a common complication of chronic kidney disease. However, there is limited local data on the prevalence of osteoporosis in end-stage renal disease. Objective: The current study evaluated the epidemiology of osteoporosis in end-stage rental disease patients at a Saudi Arabian tertiary care center. Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted using data obtained between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2019 at the Dialysis Center at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. End-stage rental disease patients who were aged ≥50 years and underwent hemodialysis for at least 1 year were included, while those with documented metabolic bone disease and absence of bone mineral density data were excluded. Results: Sixty-four end-stage rental disease patients undergoing hemodialysis met the inclusion criteria. The patients underwent bone mineral density measurement at the discretion of the treating physician. The mean patients' age was 73 ± 11.5 years and 76% were women. The overall prevalence of osteoporosis was 37.5%, and it was similarly distributed among women and men (38.8% and 33.3%, respectively). Nine of the 15 male patients (60%) and 24 of the 49 female patients (49%) had fractures. Twenty-five (39%) patients used glucocorticoids. Osteoporosis was most commonly identified in the femoral neck (26.2%), followed by proximal femur (19.4%), and lumbar spine (18.8%). A high rate of osteoporosis was significantly associated with older age and being underweight. Conclusion: A high rate of low bone mineral density was demonstrated in end-stage renal disease patients. The femoral neck was the most common osteoporosis site in this patient population, and advanced age and underweight were possible risk factors for low bone mass.

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