Familial Resemblance of Bone Health in Maternal Lineage Pairs and Triads: A Scoping Review

Abstract

Introduction: Female bone health is influenced by familial resemblance, health parameters and maturational periods (puberty and menopause); this combination has been researched using familial multi-generational cross-sectional studies. Aim: This scoping review aimed to compile bone health research which uses sexually mature (grandmother–) mother–daughter pairs (and triads) and to determine the trends in its methodologies and familial comparisons. Methods: The Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews was used. Extraction included study and population characteristics, methodology (with an emphasis on imaging) and family-based results. Results: Twenty-nine studies were included, and their generations were categorized into four developmental categories: late adolescent to young adult, pre-menopause, mixed-menopause, and post-menopause. Eleven different pair/triad combinations were observed; the most common was pre-menopausal daughters and post-menopausal mothers. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was the most utilized imaging modality, and the hip was the most imaged region of interest (ROI). Regardless of pairing, imaging modality and ROI, there was often a trend toward significant familial resemblance and heritability (h2 and h2L). Conclusion: This scoping review highlights the trends in bone health linked to familial resemblance, as well as the importance of menopause and late adolescence. This review compiles the commonalities and challenges within these studies to inform future research.

Keywords

• bone
• bone mineral density
• bone mass
• bone health
• familial resemblance
• heritability