Сельскохозяйственные машины и технологии (Dec 2016)
CONSERVATION TILLAGE METHOD
Abstract
Water-retaining roughnesses (holes, non-continuous furrows, micro-lagoons) come into being on the field surface at its tillage. They prevent a backflow, an erosion on slope lands and improve moisture content the soil. However, in the last decades such methods of a soil tillage are not used and the equipment for them are not manufactured. The author offered a new method of soil tillge with strips interchange (subsoil tilled and with the vegetable remains which are covered by the soil) in which cutout spherical disks form water-retaining non-continuous furrows. For this purpose harrows with two-disk and three-disk sections were developed. Two-disk sections in a front row contain needle disks and one spherical, and in a back row - needle and cutout spherical ones, forming a stank in a furrow. Three-disk sections in a front row contain needle disks, and in a back row - two needle and cutout spherical ones. A furrow part limited to its stanks is 4-5 times longer than a stank. A nonmoldboard loosened strip is wider than a strip with the covered vegetable remains and a non-continuous furrow. However, the general width does not exceed 0.4 m. In case of conservation tillage by a harrow with two-disk sections with spaces between disks 180 and 250 mm and 10 cm deep spherical disk non-continuous furrows can save up 216 and 155 cub. m of water per 1 hectare, and with three-disk at the same spaces - 144 and 103.7 cub. m respectively. At a disk approach angle of 20 degrees and 14 cm deep disks the capacity of furrows increases by 1.6 times.
