Identification of novel genes associated with atherosclerosis in Bama miniature pig

Abstract

Abstract Background Atherosclerosis is a chronic cardiovascular disease of great concern. However, it is difficult to establish a direct connection between conventional small animal models and clinical practice. The pig's genome, physiology, and anatomy reflect human biology better than other laboratory animals, which is crucial for studying the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Methods We used whole‐genome sequencing data from nine Bama minipigs to perform a genome‐wide linkage analysis, and further used bioinformatic tools to filter and identify underlying candidate genes. Candidate gene function prediction was performed using the online prediction tool STRING 12.0. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression of proteins encoded by candidate genes. Results We mapped differential single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to genes and obtained a total of 102 differential genes, then we used GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis to identify four candidate genes, including SLA‐1, SLA‐2, SLA‐3, and TAP2. nsSNPs cause changes in the primary and tertiary structures of SLA‐I and TAP2 proteins, the primary structures of these two proteins have undergone amino acid changes, and the tertiary structures also show slight changes. In addition, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence results showed that the expression changes of TAP2 protein in coronary arteries showed a trend of increasing from the middle layer to the inner layer. Conclusions We have identified SLA‐I and TAP2 as potential susceptibility genes of atherosclerosis, highlighting the importance of antigen processing and immune response in atherogenesis.

Keywords

• atherosclerosis
• candidate genes
• genome‐wide linkage analysis
• major histocompatibility complex
• whole genome sequencing