Residues from beneficiation of granite in porcelain stoneware: Effects on technological properties
Chiara Molinari,
Andreea Sima,
Matteo Cavina,
Guia Guarini,
Sonia Conte,
Stefania Albonetti,
Enrique Sanchez,
Eugeni Cañas,
Michele Dondi,
Chiara Zanelli
Affiliations
Chiara Molinari
Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for the development of Ceramic materials CNR-ISSMC, Via Granarolo, 64 48018, Faenza, RA, Italy; Corresponding author.
Andreea Sima
Instituto Universitario de Tecnología Cerámica, Universidad Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, 12006, Castellón, Spain
Matteo Cavina
Alma Mater Studiorum - Bologna University, Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari” - Viale Risorgimento, 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy
Guia Guarini
Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for the development of Ceramic materials CNR-ISSMC, Via Granarolo, 64 48018, Faenza, RA, Italy
Sonia Conte
Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for the development of Ceramic materials CNR-ISSMC, Via Granarolo, 64 48018, Faenza, RA, Italy
Stefania Albonetti
Alma Mater Studiorum - Bologna University, Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari” - Viale Risorgimento, 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy
Enrique Sanchez
Instituto Universitario de Tecnología Cerámica, Universidad Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, 12006, Castellón, Spain
Eugeni Cañas
Instituto Universitario de Tecnología Cerámica, Universidad Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, 12006, Castellón, Spain
Michele Dondi
Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for the development of Ceramic materials CNR-ISSMC, Via Granarolo, 64 48018, Faenza, RA, Italy
Chiara Zanelli
Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for the development of Ceramic materials CNR-ISSMC, Via Granarolo, 64 48018, Faenza, RA, Italy
Granite extraction waste represents an interesting alternative material for porcelain stoneware production, but information on its influence presents several gaps. For this reason, two different wastes were selected: a coarser iron-rich material from magnetic separation and a finer one from conveyance and abatement systems. Both were physically and chemically characterized. Batches were formulated by partial substitution of feldspar and technological behaviour of bodies was assessed by simulating the industrial manufacture at laboratory scale. Tiles were shaped by uniaxial pressure and fired by fast firing in electric roller kiln. The effect of waste addition was evaluated during the whole production process. Fired samples were characterized in terms of technological properties, mineralogical composition and microstructure evolution. The formulation optimization reduces firing temperature getting commercial technological constraints. A further increase of finer waste content affects compaction and mechanical strength. The presence of micaceous particles after the firing process may act as cracks initiation.
