INVASIVE ASPERGILLOSIS AND MUCORMYCOSIS IN ONCOHEMATOLOGICAL PATIENTS

Abstract

In the retrospective multicenter study during 2007–2017 we included 59 oncohematological patients with mucormycosis and 541 patients with invasive aspergillosis. Our study showed that mucomorhycosis more often developed in children and adolescents (p = 0.001), and after «graft versus host» disease development (p = 0.0001). Patients with mucormycosis were more immunosuppressed: severe neutropenia was in 88 % vs. 82 %, median duration of neutropenia ‒ 30 days vs. 14 days, p = 0.0001, lymphocytopenia – 77 % vs. 65 %, median duration of lymphocytopenia – 25 days vs. 14 days, p = 0.001. The main sites of infection were lungs, nevertheless in patients with mucormycosis it was less frequent (73 % vs. 97 %, p = 0.02), but more frequent were ≥2 organs involvement (42 % vs. 8 %, p = 0.001) and paranasal sinuses involvement (15 % vs. 6 %, p = 0.04). Typical clinical features of mucomorhycosis were localized pain syndrome (53 % vs. 5 %, p = 0.0001), hemoptysis (32 % vs. 6 %, p = 0.001), on lung computed tomography scan – pleural effusion (53 % vs. 7 %, p = 0.003), lesions with destruction (38 % vs. 8 %, p = 0.0001) and “a reverse halo” symptom (17 % vs. 3 %). The overall 12-week survival was significantly lower in patients with mucormycosis (49 % vs. 81 %, p = 0.0001). In both groups unfavorable prognosis factors were: ≥2 organs involvement (p = 0.0009) and concomitant bacterial or viral infection (p = 0.001 and p = 0.008 respectively). In mucormycosis patients favorable prognosis factor was remission of underlying disease (p = 0.006), in invasive aspergillosis patients – early bronchoscopy (p = 0.003), voriconazole use (p = 0.0007) and secondary antifungal prophylaxis (p = 0.0001).

Keywords

• invasive aspergillosis
• mucormycosis
• acute leukemia
• aspergillus
• rhizopus
• rhizomucor