EVALUATION OF WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES BY ECOLOGICAL PLASTICITY AND STABILITY OF VALUABLE CHARACTERISTICS

Abstract

Common winter wheat varieties and lines (Plant Production Institute named after V.Ya. Yuriev NAAN breeding) were tested for plasticity and stability on yield, protein content, and flour strength. The regression analysis method (Eberhart S.A. and Russell W.A.) was applied to determine the plasticity and stability. A cluster analysis was used to group winter wheat samples according to yield and flour strength depending on growing conditions. It consists of determining the number of clusters by the Ward method with the scales of Euclidean distances of 25-45 % and their subsequent analysis by the K-means method when choosing the initial centers of clusters by distance maximizing. According to the statistical analysis of stability and plasticity (regression coefficient and coefficient of variation), all samples belonged to plastic varieties. A high level of yield plasticity, close to checks Podolianka and Smuhlianka, was noted for Doskonala, Alians, Zdobna, Metelytsia kharkivska, Haiok, and a low level for Zapashna, Erythrospermum 832-14, Malovanka, Krasa laniv. These varieties provided a consistently high yield as the standard Bunchuk. Varieties and lines were divided into 4 clusters according to cluster analysis based on yield. The first cluster included high-yielding plastic varieties of intensive type Mavka IR, Pronia, Lutescens 48-13. Cluster 2 included plastic varieties of the Bunchuk level and highly plastic varieties of the Smuhlianka level, cluster 3 - stable medium-yielding varieties, cluster 4 - plastic, medium-yielding varieties (Yednist and Podolianka type). Analysis of the protein content in grain showed that the varieties with a high value of the indicator belonged to the group of plastic samples of the Bunchuk level: Pronia, Harmonika, Prynada, Pryvitna, Pryvablyva, Doridna. The varieties of this group are the universal type of use varieties, which, regardless of the growing conditions, form high-quality grain of 1-2 classes. High yield of the Podolianka, Yednist level, and a stable value of protein content was observed for Zapashna, Alians, Rozkishna, Lutescens 48-13, Erythrospermum 832-14. High indicators of flour strength from 242 alveograph units up to 281 ones inherent in the varieties of the Smuhlianka group: Korovaina, Prynada, Pronia, Fermerka, Malovanka, Lutescens 48-13. Relatively small differences between the values of the regression coefficients and variations of the studied indicators are explained by the fact that lines in the competitive variety testing were characterized by consistently high indicators of yield and grain quality parameters. The studied varieties were combined into 5 main groups according to the level of traits by the method of cluster analysis. Keywords: common winter wheat, plasticity, stability, yield, protein content, flour strength