Association of Genetic and Allelic Variants of Von Willebrand Factor (VWF), Glutathione S-Transferase and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha with Ischemic Stroke Susceptibility and Progression in the Saudi Population
Mohammed M. Jalal,
Rashid Mir,
Abdullah Hamadi,
Malik A. Altayar,
Imadeldin Elfaki,
Jameel Barnawi,
Almohanad A. Alkayyal,
Mouminah Amr,
Jabali Hadeel,
Mamdoh S. Moawadh,
Basim S. O. Alsaedi,
Marwan H. Alhelali,
Aadil Yousif
Affiliations
Mohammed M. Jalal
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
Rashid Mir
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
Abdullah Hamadi
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
Malik A. Altayar
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
Imadeldin Elfaki
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
Jameel Barnawi
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
Almohanad A. Alkayyal
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
Mouminah Amr
Neuroscience Center, King Abdullah Medical Complex, Jeddah 23816, Saudi Arabia
Jabali Hadeel
Department of Radiology, King Abdullah Medical Complex, Jeddah 23816, Saudi Arabia
Mamdoh S. Moawadh
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
Basim S. O. Alsaedi
Department of Statistics, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
Marwan H. Alhelali
Department of Statistics, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
Aadil Yousif
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
Stroke is a key cerebrovascular disease and important cause of death and disability worldwide, including in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). It has a large economic burden and serious socioeconomic impacts on patients, their families and the community. The incidence of ischemic stroke is probably increased by the interaction of GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotypes with high blood pressure, diabetes and cigarette smoking. The roles of VWF, GSTs and TNF-alpha gene variations in the induction of stroke are still uncertain and require further examination. In the current study, we studied the associations of SNPs in the genes VWF, GSTs and TNF-alpha with stroke in the Saudi population. Genotyping was performed using the ARMS -PCR for TNF-alpha, AS-PCR for VWF and multiplex PCR for GSTs. The study included 210 study subjects: 100 stroke cases and 110 healthy controls. We obtained significant distributions of VWF rs61748511 T > C, TNF-alpha rs1800629 G > A and GST rs4025935 and rs71748309 genotypes between stroke cases and the healthy controls (p p p p C, TNF-alpha G > A, GSTT1 gene variants and ischemic stroke susceptibility in the Saudi population. However, future well-designed and large-scale case–control studies on protein–protein interactions and protein functional studies are required to verify these findings and examine the effects of these SNPs on these proteins.
