Sand fly evolution and its relationship to Leishmania transmission

Abstract

The evolutionary relationships of sand flies and Leishmania are discussed in this report, which draws distinctions between co-association, co-evolution and co-speciation (or co-cladogenesis). Examples focus on Phlebotomus vectors of Le. infantum and Le. major in the Mediterranean subregion.

Keywords

• co-evolution
• Phlebotomus
• Leishmania