The quality of sleep and daytime sleepiness and their association with academic achievement of medical students in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Sleep is often challenging for medical students because of the considerable amount of learning they have to do. The aim of this study was to identify the patterns of sleep quality and daytime sleepiness among medical students in Saudi Arabia and to identify the possible factors associated with poor quality of sleep and daytime sleepiness. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted at College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire included the prevalidated Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to measure sleep quality and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) to measure daytime sleepiness. Covariates included sociodemographic characteristics and academic performance. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to obtain adjusted and unadjusted odds ratios (ORs). RESULTS: The sampled population comprised 36.7% males and 63.30% females. The mean global PSQI score was (standard deviation (SD)=4.66), while the mean global ESS score was 8.03 (SD=4.66). Further analysis showed that 80.60% had poor sleep quality and 37.80% of the students suffered from excessive daytime sleepiness. Multivariate regression showed that poor sleep quality was significantly associated with poor academic achievement (adjusted OR = 3.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.28–8.63). Furthermore, excessive sleepiness significantly increased the odds of poor academic performance (adjusted OR = 4.58, 95% CI = 1.09–20.81). CONCLUSIONS: The results on daytime sleepiness were found to be within the ranges reported worldwide; poor sleep quality was found to be among the highest ever reported. Both sleep quality and daytime sleepiness significantly affect academic achievement.

Keywords

• daytime sleepiness
• medical students
• sleep quality