Evaluation of TILI-2 as an Anti-Tyrosinase, Anti-Oxidative Agent and Its Role in Preventing Melanogenesis Using a Proteomics Approach
Anupong Joompang,
Preeyanan Anwised,
Sompong Klaynongsruang,
Sittiruk Roytrakul,
Lapatrada Taemaitree,
Nisachon Jangpromma
Affiliations
Anupong Joompang
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mittraphap Road, Muang District, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
Preeyanan Anwised
Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mittraphap Road, Muang District, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
Sompong Klaynongsruang
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mittraphap Road, Muang District, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
Sittiruk Roytrakul
Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
Lapatrada Taemaitree
Department of Integrated Science, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mittraphap Road, Muang District, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
Nisachon Jangpromma
Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mittraphap Road, Muang District, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
There is a desire to develop new molecules that can combat hyperpigmentation. To this end, the N-terminal cysteine-containing heptapeptide TILI-2 has shown promising preliminary results. In this work, the mechanism by which it works was evaluated using a series of biochemical assays focusing on known biochemical pathways, followed by LC-MS/MS proteomics to discover pathways that have not been considered before. We demonstrate that TILI-2 is a competitive inhibitor of tyrosinase’s monophenolase activity and it could potentially scavenge ABTS and DPPH radicals. It has a very low cytotoxicity up to 1400 µM against human fibroblast NFDH cells and macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells. Our proteomics study revealed that another putative mechanism by which TILI-2 may reduce melanin production involves the disruption of the TGF-β signaling pathway in mouse B16F1 cells. This result suggests that TILI-2 has potential scope to be used as a depigmenting agent.
