Evaluating geo-hydrological environs through morphometric aspects using geospatial techniques: A case study of Kashang Khad watershed in the Middle Himalayas, India

Abstract

The present study analyzes the geo-hydrological behaviour of the Kashang khad basin of the satluj river system in Kinnaur district, Himachal Pradesh. The major source of water in the region is the snowmelt, which contributes to the evolution of a drainage pattern. It highlights the importance of ASTER GDEM and satellite images for assessing and understanding the various geo-hydrological parameters such as drainage analysis, and topographic analysis for better basin management. Hydrological modelling of ArcGIS 10.5 has been used for the delineation and analysis of basins using SRTM DEM with 30 m resolution. Morphometric parameters like linear, relief, and aerial further help in the micro-level study of its physiographic characteristics and structural control of flow along with runoff, which can help predict floods, their extent, and intensity. It was found that the basin had a dendritic pattern with uniform lithology. The stream order ranges from 1st order to 5th order signalling homogeneity in texture and medium to high drainage density meaning permeable soil and good surface runoff. The drainage texture of 2.19 indicates the basin is prone to weathering and erosion. The bifurcation ratio ranges from 4.43 to 5.23, with a mean Rb of 4.82 showing the structural control on the elongated basin with Re of 0.56. The ASTER DEM and sophisticated morphometric attributes and hydrological environs can be effectively utilized in watershed management and other hydrological studies in higher mountainous regions.

Keywords

• Morphometric analysis
• Hydrology
• GDEM
• Kashang Khad Watershed
• Geographic information system
• Remote sensing