Industrial evaluation of design heuristics for additive manufacturing

Abstract

Additive manufacturing (AM) has gained prominence over the last 15 years and become a viable manufacturing option. Since there is great industrial interest to implement serial production of products using AM, the education of engineers in design for additive manufacturing (DfAM) is important today. DfAM extends on design for manufacturing to provide knowledge about the new design opportunities enabled by AM. A set of design heuristics for additive manufacturing (DHAM) to assist designers with conceptual-level DfAM has previously been proposed. In this paper, these DHAM are evaluated through workshops with 3 engineering companies and 19 engineers, in which the participants re-design existing company products for AM using the DHAM as an aid, and then give feedback. The DHAM are well received by the workshop participants, and they find that the DHAM are good for teaching others about the capabilities of AM, provide a checklist of items to consider to help avoid oversights, and encourage the generation of new ideas. Criticisms include the number of examples provided and the lack of information about how to implement the ideas concretely. It is also found that the DHAM fulfil 16 of 18 criteria for early design phase DfAM methods, identified in academic literature.

Keywords

• design for additive manufacturing (DfAM)
• design heuristics
• creativity
• design card deck
• design objects
• opportunistic DfAM
• industry