Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Retrogressive Thaw Slumps in the Shulenanshan Region of the Western Qilian Mountains
Yu Zhou,
Qingnan Zhang,
Guoyu Li,
Qingsong Du,
Dun Chen,
Junhao Chen,
Anshuang Su,
Miao Wang,
Xu Wang,
Benfeng Wang
Affiliations
Yu Zhou
Key Laboratory of Underground Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118, China
Qingnan Zhang
Key Laboratory of Underground Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118, China
Guoyu Li
State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soils Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730030, China
Qingsong Du
State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soils Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730030, China
Dun Chen
State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soils Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730030, China
Junhao Chen
Key Laboratory of Underground Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118, China
Anshuang Su
Heilongjiang Provincial Hydraulic Research Institute, Harbin 150050, China
Miao Wang
Heilongjiang Provincial Hydraulic Research Institute, Harbin 150050, China
Xu Wang
Heilongjiang Transportation Information and Science Research Center, Harbin 150080, China
Benfeng Wang
College of Architecture and Engineering, Changji Vocational and Technical College, Changji 831100, China
Climate warming is accelerating the degradation of permafrost, particularly in mid- to low-latitude regions, resulting in the widespread formation of thermokarst landscapes, including retrogressive thaw slumps (RTSs). These landforms, which are predominantly formed by the thawing of ice-rich permafrost, have been shown to impact topography, hydrology, and ecosystem dynamics. However, spatiotemporal changes in RTS distribution and development in mid- to low-latitude permafrost regions are not well understood. This study investigates RTS spatiotemporal dynamics in the Heshenling area of the western Qilian Mountains using multi-temporal PlanetScope and Google Earth imagery, along with Sentinel-1 InSAR data acquired from 2014 to 2023. The results reveal 20 RTSs, averaging 3.7 ha in area, primarily distributed on slopes of 7–23° and at elevations of 3455–3651 m a.s.l. The deformation rates of RTSs ranged from −54 to 27 mm/year. Three developmental stages—active, stable, and mature—were identified through analysis of surface deformation and geometric variations. Active RTSs exhibited accelerated headscarp retreat and debris tongue expansion, with some slumps expanding by up to 35%. This study highlights high temperatures and rainfall as potential factors contributing to the accelerated development of RTS in arid alpine environments, and suggests that RTS activity is likely to accelerate with continued climate change.
