Новые технологии (Apr 2020)
Non-traditional energy-saving methods for treating soils of a heavy mechanical composition in the crop rotation link
Abstract
The results of multi-year research on the study of unconventional methods of tillage on fused leached chernozems of the south-foothill zone of Adygea are presented. The following tillage methods have been compared: mouldboard tillage with the PN-4-35 plow, nonmouldboard tillage with the PCh-2.5 chisel plow and the alternation of these methods; single deep slitting, shallow treatment with an anti-erosion KPE-3.8 cultivator – plane cutter; surface treatment with a heavy BDT-3 disk harrow. As a result of the studies the influence of energy-saving methods of tillage on the agrophysical parameters of the soil and crop productivity has been revealed. The content of productive moisture in a meter soil layer on options with constant chisel cultivation is slightly inferior to the options with constant plowing under all crop rotation crops. In the summer growing season a higher moisture content is observed in areas with constant plowing under all crop rotation crops. The bulk soil weight under continuous sowing cultures in a 0-40 cm soil layer is somewhat denser (1.13-1.12 g / cm3) in surface and mouldboard processing than in chisel processing (1.09 g / cm3). The agronomically valuable fraction of soil aggregates (0.25-3.0 mm) is contained in a larger number in crops of row crops, cereal crops, clover in the soil layer of 0-40 cm with constant plowing (26.9 %, 17.0 %, 25,0 %). Excessive crop yields have been noted for variants with permanent chisel processing (275.8 TZE / ha) and at alternating different processing methods compared to the variant with constant plowing (288.3 TZE / ha). In order to reduce erosion processes on sloping lands, when cultivating crops, it is possible to use subsurface tillage: chiseling for six years, shallow and shallow for 2-3 years. According to the results of an economic analysis of the studied methods of soil cultivation, the replacement of the main processing (plowing) with energy-saving methods have provided fuel savings of 20-25 % and an increase in labor productivity by 27-28 %.
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