Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of scabies in children. A retrospective study

Abstract

Scabies is one of the most common parasitic dermatoses. A disease caused by the scabies mite Sarcoptes (Acaris) scabiei hominis. The fertilized female parasite lives in passages that she gnaws in the stratum corneum of the epidermis and lays eggs there. After 8 days, larvae emerge from the eggs, which, gnawing through the tire of the course, crawl out. By the 28th day after the introduction of the parasite into the skin, the second generation of sexually mature parasites develops. Scabies is transmitted from person to person, as a result of direct contact, during a joint night's sleep, through linen, bedding. Over the past 10 years in Russia, there has been a decrease in the incidence of scabies from 92.4 thousand cases in 2010 to 22 thousand in 2019. Intensive rates are 64.7 and 15 per 100 thousand of the population, respectively. Scabies has its own characteristics in infancy and childhood, therefore, knowledge of the main symptoms of this pathology is necessary for all doctors of the district service and pediatric and other hospitals. The purpose of the study was to assess the epidemiological situation of scabies and to establish the frequency of occurrence of the main symptoms of the disease in children in the Astrakhan region. Material and methods of research: the sources of information were the official data of Rospotrebnadzor on scabies, for the period from 2013 to 2020, and 120 case histories of patients under the age of 17 who were treated for infectious diseases in the State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of the Astrakhan region "Regional Infectious Clinical Hospital named after A. M. Nichogi". The results of the study: It was found that the epidemic process of the spread of scabies in children in Astrakhan region, in the period from 2013 to 2020, exceeds the average in Russia with a tendency to decrease in 2020 by 1.6 times, compared with 2013, the most significant risk group for the spread of scabies were children aged 7 to 14 years. The main signs that make it possible to establish the presence of scabies were: itching of the skin at night, the presence of scabies, detection of the parasite. The detection of scabies in organized preschool and school-age children, when hospitalized in hospitals, may indicate a formal approach to examination for scabies in institutions visited by a child. The article also describes approaches to the drug treatment of scabies.

Keywords

• children
• scabies
• clinic
• diagnosis
• treatment
• prevention