Influence of concurrent lower respiratory tract disease on point‐of‐care lung ultrasound in small‐breed dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease

Abstract

Abstract Background Small‐breed dogs commonly have concurrent myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) and lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD). Hypothesis Small‐breed dogs with preclinical MMVD and concurrent LRTD have more B‐lines on point‐of‐care lung ultrasound (POC‐LUS) compared to dogs without concurrent LRTD and are prone to misdiagnose as cardiogenic pulmonary edema (CPE). Animals A total of 114 small‐breed dogs with preclinical MMVD. Methods A prospective study was conducted, in which POC‐LUS was obtained and the number of B‐lines was calculated by a single clinician using the Veterinary Bedside Lung Ultrasound Examination protocol. The presence/absence of LRTD was assessed by clinicians blinded to the POC‐LUS results. Results Fifty and 64 dogs were in ACVIM stage B1 and B2, respectively. The presence of LRTD was prevalent in 74.6% (85/114) of small‐breed dogs with preclinical MMVD. When a previously reported criterion for CPE diagnosis (≥2 sites with >3 B‐lines/site) was applied, false‐positive results were observed in 15.8% (18/114) of dogs with preclinical MMVD. The summated number of B‐lines (3 vs. 1, P = .003), as well as the false‐positive rate (20% vs 3%, P = .04), were significantly higher in dogs with LRTD compared with dogs without LRTD. Multivariable logistic regression showed the presence of abnormalities other than B‐line on POC‐LUS (eg, thickened pleura or consolidation) could predict false‐positive results (odds ratio = 3.75, 95% confidence intervals 1.12‐12.54; P = .03) after adjustment for other clinical and echocardiographic factors. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Concurrent LRTD and abnormalities other than B‐lines should be considered in the interpretation of POC‐LUS in MMVD dogs.

Keywords

• airway
• canine
• cardiogenic pulmonary edema
• congestive heart failure
• lower respiratory tract disease
• lung ultrasound