Radiation-hygienic characteristic of the global radionuclide fallout in the arctic regions of Russia (based on the data of the Institute of Radiation Hygiene after professor P.V. Ramzaev)

Abstract

The recent years are associated with active development of the coastal areas of the Russian arctic regions including a construction of the facilities of the extraction and processing of the hydrocarbons, the civil and military facilities. The nuclear weapon tests, performed by the USSR and other nuclear countries in the second half of the XX century, lead to the global radioactive fallout, including the fallout on costal areas of the arctic regions of the USSR. Five most powerful nuclear munitions were tested on the Novaya Zemlya Test Site in the Arkhangelsk region. The Institute of Radiation Hygiene after professor P.V. Ramzaev (before 1994 — the Leningrad Scientific-Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene) has accumulated a 20-year experience of the radiation-hygienic surveys on the assessment of the consequences of the nuclear weapon tests for the Far-North of the USSR: from the development of the equipment and methods for the extraction, analysis and measurement of the low levels of the radioactive isotopes in humans and environment, to the wide-scale radiation-hygienic surveys of the links in the “northern food chain” — lichen, raindeers and native inhabitants. The obtained data allowed performing a complex assessment of the role of the radiation factor in the health of the public residing on the coastal areas of the Arctic Ocean.

Keywords

• глобальные радиоактивные выпадения
• искусственные радионуклиды
• пищевая цепочка «лишайник — олень — человек»
• удельная активность
• дозы облучения