Gut-vascular axis and postbiotics: The need for clear definitions and further research

• Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka,
• Igor Łoniewski,
• Mariusz Kaczmarczyk,
• Wojciech Marlicz

Affiliations

Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka

Corresponding author.; Department of Biochemical Science, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24, Szczecin 71-460, Poland

Igor Łoniewski

Department of Biochemical Science, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24, Szczecin 71-460, Poland

Mariusz Kaczmarczyk

Department of Biochemical Science, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24, Szczecin 71-460, Poland

Wojciech Marlicz

Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej, Szczecin 71-252, Poland